-3-目录金属相关方程式总结一、钠和钠的化合物................................................................................................4二、铝和铝的化合物................................................................................................5三、铁和铁的化合物................................................................................................6非金属相关方程式总结四、硅及其化合物....................................................................................................8五、氯及其化合物....................................................................................................8六、硫和氮及其化合物............................................................................................9七、氨、硝酸、硫酸..............................................................................................10有机物相关方程式总结八、甲烷................................................................................................................11九、烯烃................................................................................................................11十、乙炔................................................................................................................12十一、苯芳香烃....................................................................................................12十二、石油和石油产品..........................................................................................13十三、卤代烃..........................................................................................................13十四、乙醇..............................................................................................................13十五、苯酚..............................................................................................................14十六、醛..................................................................................................................15十七、乙酸..............................................................................................................15十八、酯..................................................................................................................16十九、油脂..............................................................................................................16-4-金属相关方程式总结一、钠和钠的化合物1、钠与水反应：2Na+2H2O=2NaOH+H2↑；2Na+2H2O=2Na++2OH-+H2↑2、钠与氧气反应：①常温反应：4Na+O2=2Na2O②点燃或加热：2Na+O2Na2O23、钠与盐酸等酸反应：2Na+2HCl=2NaCl+H2↑；2Na+2H+=2Na++H2↑4、钠与氯气的反应：2Na+Cl22NaCl5、钠与硫的反应：2Na+SNa2S6、钠与碱溶液的反应实际上是与钠跟水的反应：2Na+2H2O=2NaOH+H2↑7、钠与盐溶液的反应①NaCl溶液：实际上是与水反应，反应的化学方程式：2Na+2H2O=2NaOH+H2↑②CuSO4溶液：2Na+CuSO4+2H2O=Cu(OH)2↓+H2↑+Na2SO4③NaHSO4溶液：2Na+2NaHSO4=2Na2SO4+H2↑④通常钠不能从盐溶液中置换出金属；若盐为熔融状态，钠可以置换出较不活泼的金属，如：4Na+TiCl4（熔融）=4NaCl+Ti8、金属钠露置在空气中的变化过程：4Na+O2=2Na2O；Na2O+H2O=2NaOH；2NaOH+CO2=Na2CO3+H2O9、氧化钠和水的反应：Na2O+H2O=2NaOH10、氧化钠和盐酸的反应：Na2O+2HCl=2NaCl+H2O11、氧化钠和二氧化碳的反应：Na2O+CO2=Na2CO312、过氧化钠和水的反应：2Na2O2+2H2O=4NaOH+O2↑13、过氧化钠和二氧化碳的反应：2Na2O2+2CO2=2Na2CO3+O214、过氧化钠和盐酸的反应：2Na2O2+4HCl=4NaCl+2H2O+O2↑15、氧化钠和过氧化钠转化：2Na2O...