小学、初中、高中各种试卷真题知识归纳文案合同PPT等免费下载www.doc985.com专题16光学电磁波目录01光学··································································································2考向一折射定律、折射率、光的传播问题及色散·····································································2考向二全反射及其应用··············································································································10考向三光的干涉与衍射··············································································································22考向四几何光学与物理光学综合问题·······················································································2402电磁振动及电磁波··········································································27考向一电磁振荡电磁波·············································································································27小学、初中、高中各种试卷真题知识归纳文案合同PPT等免费下载www.doc985.com01光学考向一折射定律、折射率、光的传播问题及色散1．（2023·全国·高考真题）（多选）等腰三角形△abc为一棱镜的横截面，ab=ac；一平行于bc边的细光束从ab边射入棱镜，在bc边反射后从ac边射出，出射光分成了不同颜色的两束，甲光的出射点在乙光的下方，如图所示。不考虑多次反射。下列说法正确的是（）A．甲光的波长比乙光的长B．甲光的频率比乙光的高C．在棱镜中的传播速度，甲光比乙光的大D．该棱镜对甲光的折射率大于对乙光的折射率E．在棱镜内bc边反射时的入射角，甲光比乙光的大【答案】ACE【详解】ABD．根据折射定律和反射定律作出光路图如图所示由图可知，乙光的折射角较小，根据折射定律可知乙光的折射率大，则乙光的频率大，根据c=fλ可知，乙光的波长短，A正确、BD错误；C．根据可知在棱镜中的传播速度，甲光比乙光的大，C正确；E．根据几何关系可知光在棱镜内bc边反射时的入射角，甲光比乙光的大，E正确。故选ACE。2．（2023·浙江·高考真题）如图所示为一斜边镀银的等腰直角棱镜的截面图。一细黄光束从直角边以角度入射，依次经和两次反射，从直角边出射。出射光线相对于入射光线偏转了角，则（）小学、初中、高中各种试卷真题知识归纳文案合同PPT等免费下载www.doc985.comA．等于B．大于C．小于D．与棱镜的折射率有关【答案】A【详解】如图所示设光线在AB边的折射角为，根据折射定律可得，设光线在BC边的入射角为，光线在AC边的入射角为，折射角为；由反射定律和几何知识可知，，联立解得，根据折射定律可得，可得，过D点做出射光的平行线，则该平行线与AB的夹角为，由几何知识可知，入射光与出射光的夹角为。故选A。3．（2023·湖南·高考真题）（多选）一位潜水爱好者在水下活动时，利用激光器向岸上救援人员发射激光信号，设激光光束与水面的夹角为α，如图所示。他发现只有当α大于41°时，岸上救援人员才能收到他发出的激光光束，下列说法正确的是（）小学、初中、高中各种试卷真题知识归纳文案合同PPT等免费下载www.doc985.comA．水的折射率为B．水的折射率为C．当他以α=60°向水面发射...