小学、初中、高中各种试卷真题知识归纳文案合同PPT等免费下载www.doc985.com第04讲万有引力定律及其应用目录01开普勒行星运动定律及万有引力定律的理解····························2考向一开普勒行星运动定律················································································2考向二万有引力定律的理解················································································602天体的质量及密度问题·······················································7考向一天体的质量及密度问题·············································································703宇宙速度各种卫星天体、卫星运行参数及规律····················12考向一宇宙速度·····························································································12考向二近地卫星、同步卫星及赤道上物体的运行问题·············································12考向三天体、卫星运行参数及规律·····································································1304卫星变轨、对接、追及及相遇问题双星问题·························24考向一卫星对接及变轨问题··············································································24考向二卫星追及及相遇问题··············································································26考向三双星及多星问题····················································································30小学、初中、高中各种试卷真题知识归纳文案合同PPT等免费下载www.doc985.com01开普勒行星运动定律及万有引力定律的理解考向一开普勒行星运动定律1.（2021·福建·统考高考真题）（多选）两位科学家因为在银河系中心发现了一个超大质量的致密天体而获得了2020年诺贝尔物理学奖。他们对一颗靠近银河系中心的恒星的位置变化进行了持续观测，记录到的的椭圆轨道如图所示。图中O为椭圆的一个焦点，椭圆偏心率（离心率）约为0.87。P、Q分别为轨道的远银心点和近银心点，Q与O的距离约为（太阳到地球的距离为），的运行周期约为16年。假设的运动轨迹主要受银河系中心致密天体的万有引力影响，根据上述数据及日常的天文知识，可以推出（）A．与银河系中心致密天体的质量之比B．银河系中心致密天体与太阳的质量之比C．在P点与Q点的速度大小之比D．在P点与Q点的加速度大小之比【答案】BCD【详解】A．设椭圆的长轴为2a，两焦点的距离为2c，则偏心率，且由题知，Q与O的距离约为，即，由此可得出a与c，由于是围绕致密天体运动，根据万有定律，可知无小学、初中、高中各种试卷真题知识归纳文案合同PPT等免费下载www.doc985.com法求出两者的质量之比，故A错误；B．根据开普勒第三定律有，式中k是与中心天体的质量M有关，且与M成正比；所以，对是围绕致密天体运动有，对地球围绕太阳运动有，两式相比，可得，因的半长轴a、周期，日地之间的距离，地球围绕太阳运动的周期都已知，故由上式，可以求出银河系中心致密天体...