2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语试卷答案解析版II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword；fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Acomprehensivestudyof4,500childrenconductedbytheNationalInstitutesofHealthin2018showsthatchildrenwhospentmorethansevenhoursadaystaringatscreensshowedevidenceofprematurethinningoftheirbrain'scortex-theouterlayerthatprocessessensoryinformation."Wedon'tknowifit___1___(cause)bythescreentime.Wedon'tknowyetifit'sabadthing.Itwon'tbeuntilwefollowthemovertime___2___wewillseeifthereareoutcomesthatareassociatedwiththedifferencesthatwe'reseeinginthissinglesnapshot,Dr.GayaDowling."Whatwecansayisthatthisis___3___thebrainslooklikeofkidswhospendalotoftimeonscreens.Andit'snotjustonepattern."Theproblemisn'tjustscreens___4___,butalsothewayscreenstemptkids(andadults)awayfromsomethingfarmoreimportant:physicalactivity.Morethan23percentofadultsand80percentofadolescentsdon'tgetenoughphysicalactivity,andaccordingtoa2019reportfromtheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO),thesepatternsofactivityandrestarise___5___habitswedevelopearlyinlife."Whatwereallyneedtodois___6___(bring)backplayforchildren,"saysDr.JuanaWillumsen,aWHOspecialistinchildhoodobesityandphysicalactivity,inastatementaboutnewWHOguidelinesissuedinApril2019.“Thisisaboutmakingtheshiftfromsedentarytimetoplaytime,while___7___(protect)sleep.Ofcourse,childrenaren'tcompletelytoblamefortheirscreenaddiction.Sometimes,theparents___8___complainabouttheroleofscreensinfamilylifearejustasguiltyofspendingtoomuchtimeinfrontofone.A2016study___9___(conduct)byCommonSenseMediafoundthatparentsspenduptoninehoursadayinfrontofscreens,mostlynotforwork-relatedreasons.While78percentofparentssaidtheybelievedtheyweregoodscreentimerolemodels,thestudyfoundadisconnectbetweentheirbehaviorandtheirperceptionoftheirbehavior.Parentsneedtolimitscreentimeforthemselvesandespeciallyfortheirkids-____10____itmeansplayingthebadguy.Ourmentalandphysicalhealthdependsonit.【答案】1.isbeingcaused2.that3.what4.themselves5.from6.bring7.protecting8.that/who9.conducted10.evenif/though【解析】本文是说明文。研究发现看屏幕时间过长会导致孩子大脑皮层过早变薄，同时长时间盯着屏幕也让孩子缺乏必要的锻炼。作者呼吁父母应该限制自己看屏幕的时间，也要限制孩子看屏幕的时间。【1题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：我们不知道这是否是看屏幕时间造成的。此处为宾语从句谓语动词，空前的it指代prematurethinningoftheirbrain'scortex，和cause之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用被动语态；结合语境可知，此处表目前一直在发生的动作，故应用现在进行时的被动语态。故填isbeingcaused。【2题详解】考查强调句型。句意：“直到我们跟踪他们一段时间，我们才会看到是否有结果与我们在这张快照中看到的差异有关，”盖亚·道林博士说。分析句子可知，本句去掉itbe和设空处仍然是完整的句子，故此处是强调句型“Itis+被强调部分＋that（强调人时可用who）…”，此处强调时间状语untilwefollowthemovertime，应用that。故填that。【3题详解】考查表语从句引导词。句意：我们能说的是，这就是花很多时间看屏幕的孩子大脑的样子。分析句子结构，可知“___thebrainslooklike…”是表语从句，应用what引导表语从句，在从句中充当looklike的宾语，意思为“……样子”。故填what。【4题详解】考查代词。句意：问题不只是屏幕本身，还有屏幕诱...