广东省广州市2021-2022学年高一下学期英语期末综合测评卷第一部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。AWomenhavebeenmakingscientificdiscoveriessinceancienttimes.TwelvewomenhavewontheNobelPrizeforscience,oneofthehighesthonorsintheworld.Somewomenscientistsnevermarried,someworkedwiththeirhusbands,andothersraisedlargefamilies.Ithasbeendifficultforwomentobesuccessfulscientists.Intheearly1800sinEngland,MaryAnningbecameoneofthefirstwomenrecognisedforherdiscoveriesabouttheancienthistoryoftheearth.MaryandherfathercollectedfossilsintheirvillageonthesouthcoastofGreatBritain.Fossilsarepartsofplantsoranimalsthathavebeensavedinrocksformillionsofyears.Whenshewasonlytwelveyearsold,Marybecamethefirstpersontofindthealmostcompleteskeletonsofseveralanimalsthatnolongerexistedonearth.Shedidn’tbecomefamousforherdiscoveriesatthattimebecausesheoftensoldherfossilstogetmoneytosupportherfamily.In1891,ayoungPolishwomannamedMarieSklodowskatravelledtoParistostudyphysics.ShedidsobecauseshecouldnotgetacollegeeducationinPoland.ShebeganworkinginthelaboratoryofamannamedPierreCurie.MarieandPierreCuriegotmarriedandmademanydiscoveriestogether.TheyreceivedtheNobelPrizeforphysicsin1903alongwithanotherscientist.MarieCuriebecamethefirstpersontobeawardedasecondNobelPrizein1911,thistimeforchemistry.MarieCuriewasoneofthefewwomenatthetimewhobecamefamousasascientist.1.MaryAnningwasoneofthefirstwomento.A.researchanimalsandtheirbonesB.studythemysteryofallkindsofplantsC.wintheNobelPrizeforscienceaftergettingmarriedD.makeachievementsinthestudyoftheancienthistoryoftheearth2.WhatcanwelearnaboutMarieSklodowska?A.SheonlygotoneNobelPrizeduringherlifetime.B.Shemademanydiscoveriesaftershegotmarried.C.ShestudiedphysicsinPolandandgotacollegeeducation.D.ShereceivedtheNobelPrizeforphysicsin1903onherown.3.What’sthepassagemainlyabout?A.Differentprizes.B.Ancientdiscoveries.C.Womenscientists.D.Successfulmarriages.【答案】1.D2.B3.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一些著名的女性科学家的故事。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Intheearly1800sinEngland,MaryAnningbecameoneofthefirstwomenrecognisedforherdiscoveriesabouttheancienthistoryoftheearth.(在19世纪初的英国，玛丽·安妮因其对地球古代历史的发现而成为首批被认可的女性之一)”可知，玛丽·安妮是在地球古代史研究方面取得成就的最早的女性之一。故选D项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“MarieandPierreCuriegotmarriedandmademanydiscoveriestogether.(玛丽和皮埃尔·居里结婚了，在一起有了很多发现)”可知，玛丽·斯科洛多斯卡在结婚后有许多发现。故选B项。【3题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Womenhavebeenmakingscientificdiscoveriessinceancienttimes.TwelvewomenhavewontheNobelPrizeforscience,oneofthehighesthonorsintheworld.(自古以来，女性就一直在进行科学发现。12位女性获得了诺贝尔科学奖，这是世界上最高的荣誉之一)”以及文章对于玛丽·安妮和玛丽·斯科洛多斯卡的介绍可知，本文主要讲述了一些著名的女科学家的故事。故选C项。BOverthenext20years,wearegoingtosendmoreandbetterrobotstoMars.Thoserobotswillsendbackbetterpictures,maps,samples,andweatherreports.Thereisalimittowhatrobotscantellus,though,soeventuallywewillhavetosendpeopletostudytheplanet.BeforepeoplecanvisitMars,weneedtoinventaspaceshipthatcantakeusthere.Marsisveryfaraway.DependingonwhereMarsandEarthareintheirorbits(轨道)aroundthesun,itcouldtakebetweensixmonthstoayeartogett...