小学、初中、高中各种试卷真题知识归纳文案合同PPT等免费下载www.doc985.com小学、初中、高中各种试卷真题知识归纳文案合同PPT等免费下载www.doc985.com必修第三册Unit2Naturaldisasters(1)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2024·江无期末苏锡)Extremeheatoftenbringsextremewildfires，andthisyearisnoexception，withunprecedentedheatwavesfuelingenormousoutbreaksoffiresinthewesternUnitedStatesandCanada，aswellasacrosstheMediterraneanandinSiberia.Butparadoxically，themostintensewildfirescanhavetheoppositeeffectontemperatures，coolingEarth’ssurfacebothregionallyandglobally.Thickwildfiresmokecantemporarilyblocksunlightneartheground，causingregionaltemperaturestodropbyseveraldegrees.Wildfiresmokecanalsohaveglobalcoolingeffectsbymakingcloudsintheloweratmospheremorereflectiveorblockingsunlightintheupperatmosphere，similartowhatavolcaniceruptiondoes.Theeffectisfartoosmalltocounteracthumancausedglobalwarming;researcherssayit’stooearlytopredictwhatitmeansforthebroaderclimatesystem.ButwithfireseasonsgrowingmoreintensearoundtheworldandtriggeringarangeofextremefireweatherinNorthAmericaandelsewhere，thesearchforanswersisgrowingincreasinglyurgent.Smokeparticlesactasseedsforwatervaportoformcloudsthataresmallerandreflectmoresunlight.Whilesmoketendstorainoutofcloudsfairlyquickly，theAustralianbushfiresragedformonths，pumpingmoreandmorecloudbrighteningsmokeintotheatmosphere.“It’snotabigeffect，butwhenyouintegrateovertheentireSouthernOcean，itaddsup，”oneoftheresearcherssays.Whilethisresearchhighlightsthecoolingeffectsofsmokeintheloweratmosphere，onoccasion，wildfiresmokecanreachevenhigheraltitudesintothestratosphere，thelayerthatstartsabout10milesup.There，itcanhaveadditionaleffectsontheclimate.Smokereachesthestratospherewhenheatfromapowerfulwildfirecreatesanupdraftthatcombineswithmoistureintheatmospheretogeneratetoweringthunderclouds.However，scientistshaveonlyrecentlybegunstudyingtheseeffects.“Wemightstillbeintheinfancyofunderstandinghowlargeandhowimportanttheeffectsofthesewildfiresare，”scientistssay.1．WhatprobablycausesextremewildfirestocooltheEarthglobally?A．Extremewildfirescanresultinvolcaniceruption.小学、初中、高中各种试卷真题知识归纳文案合同PPT等免费下载www.doc985.com小学、初中、高中各种试卷真题知识归纳文案合同PPT等免费下载www.doc985.comB．Wildfiresmokecoverssunlightabovethegroundforever.C．Thesmokeblockslesssunlightinthehigheratmosphere.D．Thecloudsintheloweratmospherereflectmoresunlight.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“raged”probablymeaninparagraph4?A．Spread.B．Stopped.C．Released.D．Strengthened.3．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．Scientistsneedfurtherstudiesoftheeffectsofwildfires.B．Extremewildfiresaretheconsequenceofglobalwarming.C．WildfiresmokemeansalottotheclimatesystemoftheEarth.D．SmokeathigheraltitudeshasthemostimpactoncoolingEarth.4．Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?A．Asciencefiction.B．Aresearchreport.C．Ageographytextbook.D．Asciencemagazine.BSomeofthemostattractivepicturestocomeoutoftheAlaskaearthquakearethephotosthatshowslope(斜坡)failures，inwhichpartsofformerlysolidhillscavedin，toreorletloose.Andiftherehappenedtobearoadorbuildingontopoftheslopesthatfailed，theresultwashorrible.Slopescanfailwithoutearthquakes，astheresultofpouringrainorweathering.Buttheshakingcausedbyaquake—particularlyalargeonelikewhatoccurrednearAnchorageonFriday—caneitherspeeduptheprocessorcreateentirelynewfailuresthatwould...