第1页共8页《英语周报》高考二轮复习——语法项目讲解与练习定语从句一、定语从句概述定义用作定语的从句类型限制性定语从句描述主句所涉及的人或物的具体情况，是主句不可缺少的一部分；如省去，主句意义不完整或失去意义。非限制性定语从句对主句所描述的人或物提供一些附加情况，起补充说明作用；如省去，主句意义仍完整。关系词关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose,as等关系副词when,where,why等二、引导定语从句的关系词关系代词that指物和人在从句中作主语或宾语which指物在从句中作主语或宾语who指人在从句中作主语或宾语whom在从句中作宾语whose指人和物在从句中作定语as指物在从句中作主语关系副词when指时间在从句中作时间状语where指地点在从句中作地点状语why指原因在从句中作原因状语三、关系代词辨析1.关系代词that与which先行词指物时，that与which一般可以互换，但也有特殊情况。★通常使用that的情况：1）先行词为all,everything,something,anything,nothing,much,few,little,none等不定代词或先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或few,theonly,little,no,all,every,thevery等修饰时。如：I’vemadeupmymind,andnothingthatyousaywillchangeit.JasonwasprobablythehardestworkingstudentthatI’veevertaught.Theonlythingthatmattersisthatthebabyishealthy.2）当主句是以who,what等开头的特殊疑问句时。如：第2页共8页Whoisthegirlthatissittingbythelake?Whatisyourfavoritebookthatyoumentionedjustnow?★通常使用which的情况：当引导非限制性定语从句或关系代词前有介词时。如：Shewasfondofmusic,whichherbrotherneverwas.Thegoalsforwhichhehadfoughtallhislifenolongerseemedimportanttohim.2.关系代词which与aswhich和as都可引导非限制性定语从句，用来指代整个主句或主句的一部分。通常which引导的从句放在句末，而as引导的从句既可位于句首，又可位于句中或句末。如：Asisknowntotheworld,MarkTwainisagreatAmericanwriter.Thesizeoftheaudience,aswehadexpected,waswelloveronethousand.HeisanAmerican,which/asIknowfromhisaccent.四、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句1.在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词指物时只能用which，指人时只能用whom。如：Thevalleyinwhichthetownliesisheavilypolluted.We’llgotoseethefamouswriteraboutwhomwehavetalked.2.在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，介词的选用取决于句子意义的需要，或句中动词、形容词、副词与介词的搭配。如：Intheoffice,Ineverseemtohavefreetimeuntilafter5:30p.m.,bywhichtimemanypeoplehavegonehome.Icouldn’tunderstandthewomantowhomItalkedonthephone.3.“介词+关系代词”前可有名词、数词或some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词。如：Theclassroom,thedoorofwhichisbroken,willsoonberepaired.Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.4.“介词+which”引导定语从句时，介词可以是in(the)frontof,atthefootof,inthemiddleof等复合介词。如：Helivedinabighouse,infrontofwhichstoodabigtree.五、特殊先行词后的定语从句1.先行词是reason时，如果关系词在从句中作状语，用why或forwhich引导；关系词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，用that或which引导。如：We’dliketoknowthereasonwhy/forwhichshedidn’tacceptthejob.Thereisanotherreasonthat/whichismoreimportant.2.先行词是表示方式的way时，定语从句可用that或inwhich引导，也可省略。如：第3页共8页Peoplelikedtheway(that/inwhich)hewrote,sohewentonwriting.3.先行词是stage,position,situation,atmosphere等有地点含义的抽象名词，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，用where引导。如：Theiryoungestchildisatthestagewhereshecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.Youcouldgetintoasituationwhereyouhavetodecideimmediately.4.先行词是occasion时，一般要用when引导定语从句。如：Icanrememberveryfewoccasionswhenhehadtocancelourtrips.六、关系词的省略1.关系代词在从句中作宾...